Kemiskinan dalam Lanskap Transformasi Ekonomi Indonesia: Bukti Empiris Antar Provinsi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47709/jebma.v6i2.8890Abstract
Kemiskinan masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama pembangunan di Indonesia meskipun berbagai indikator ekonomi menunjukkan perbaikan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Perbedaan tingkat kesejahteraan antarprovinsi mengindikasikan bahwa transformasi ekonomi belum sepenuhnya memberikan manfaat yang merata bagi seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan per kapita, kepadatan penduduk, tenaga kerja, dan inflasi terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan cakupan 33 provinsi selama periode 2014–2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Random Effect Model (REM) yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil uji Chow dan uji Hausman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan per kapita berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan, sedangkan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sementara itu, tenaga kerja dan inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan dengan nilai Prob(F-statistic) sebesar 0,0032. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa dinamika kemiskinan di Indonesia lebih dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat dan tekanan demografis dibandingkan faktor makroekonomi jangka pendek. Oleh karena itu, upaya pengentasan kemiskinan perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif, produktivitas masyarakat, dan pemerataan pembangunan antarwilayah
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