Application of Deep Learning for Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification Based on ECG Signals

Authors

  • Gabriela Septiani Simbolon Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan
  • Gresia Cesilia Sirait Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan
  • Sarah Theresia Aruan Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan
  • Rivaldo Robertus Turnip Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan
  • Jepri Banjarnahor Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan
  • Mardi Turnip Information Systems Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prima Indonesia University, Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v8i3.8672

Keywords:

Aritmia, Deep Learning, EKG

Abstract

Cardiac arrhythmia is a dangerous heart rhythm disorder, so early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Manual ECG (Electrocardiogram) analysis is less accurate, while deep learning can detect arrhythmias more quickly and precisely. The proposed algorithm uses a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for arrhythmia classification. The model is trained on labeled normal and arrhythmia ECG datasets to recognize important patterns in sequential data. The ECG data is obtained from PhysioNet, which provides thousands of labeled recordings for training and testing. Additional clinical data from hospitals/clinics can be included for further validation with patient consent according to ethical protocols. The expected result is that this system can detect arrhythmias with high accuracy and optimal sensitivity. The benefits are to improve the quality of healthcare services and reduce the risk of serious complications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Butler, L., Karabayir, I., Kitzman, D. W., Alonso, A., Tison, G. H., Chen, L. Y., Chang, P. P., Clifford, G., Soliman, E. Z., & Akbilgic, O. (2023). A generalizable electrocardiogram-based artificial intelligence model for 10-year heart failure risk prediction. Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal, 4(6), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvdhj.2023.11.003

Azzouz, A., Bengherbia, B., Wira, P., Alaoui, N., Souahlia, A., Maazouz, M., & Hentabeli, H. (2024). An efficient ECG signals denoising technique based on the combination of particle swarm optimization and wavelet transform. Heliyon, e26171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26171

Artanti, V., Faisal, M., & Kurniawan, F. (2024). Classification of Cardiovascular Diseases Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm. Journal of Information Technology, 23(2):294-489. https://doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v7i3.6010

Sattar, Y & Chhabra, L. (2025). Electrocardiogram. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803.

Alamatsaz, N., Tabatabaei, L. S., Yazdchi, M., Payan, H., & Nasimi, F. (2023). Alightweight hybrid CNN-LSTM model for accurate and efficient epileptic seizure detection using EEG signals. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 85, 104984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105884

Ansari, Y., Mourad, O., Qaraqe, K., & Serpedin, E. (2023). Deep learning for ECG arrhythmia detection and classification: An overview of progress for the period 2017–2023. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1246746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1246746

Tison, G. H., Abreau, S., Barrios, J., Lim, L. J., Yang, M., Crudo, V., Shah, D. J., Nguyen, T., Hu, G., Dixit, S., Nah, G., Arya, F., Bibby, D., Lee, Y., & Delling, F. N. (2023). Identifying Mitral Valve Prolapse at Risk for Arrhythmias and Fibrosis From Electrocardiograms Using Deep Learning. JACC: Advances, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100446

Fauzi, D. N., Fuadah, Y. N., & Safitri, I. (2022). Supraventricular arrhythmia classification based on ECG signals using convolutional neural network. e-Proceeding of Engineering, 8(6), 3255–3262.

Zhao, Z. (2023). Transforming ECG diagnosis: An in-depth review of transformer-based deep learning models in cardiovascular disease detection. e-Proceedings of Engineering, 10(6), 1155.

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.01249

Dong, Y., Zhang, M., Qiu, L., Wang, L., & Yu, Y. (2023). An arrhythmia classification model based on Vision Transformer with deformable attention. Micromachines, 14(6), 1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061155

Farrell, D., Lee Aliecia, E. V., Dharma, A., Turnip, M., & Turnip, A. (2024). Classification of arrhythmia potential using the K-nearest neighbor algorithm. Internetworking Indonesia Journal, 16(2), 3–8. https://internetworkingindonesia.org/index.php/iij/article/view/49

Kim, Y. G., et al. (2021). Premature ventricular contraction increases the risk of heart failure and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 12698. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92088-0

Sraitih, M., Jabrane, Y., & Hajjam El Hassani, A. (2021). An automated system for ECG arrhythmia detection using machine learning techniques. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225450

Scherbak, D., & Hicks, G. J. (2022). Left bundle branch block. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/.

Degirmenci, M., Ozdemir, M. A., Izci, E., & Akan, A. (2022). Arrhythmia heartbeat classification using 2D convolutional neural networks. IRBM, 43(5), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2021.04.002

Mayer, M., Arnold, A., Stein, T., et al. (2024). Arrhythmias among older adults receiving comprehensive geriatric care: Prevalence and associated factors. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institut (MDPI), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14010011

McNulty, R. (2024). New estimates suggest atrial fibrillation 3 times more common than thought. AJMC. https://www.ajmc.com/.

Fusco, A., Hansen, M. L., & Ruwald, M. H. (2025). Temporal trends in atrial fibrillation ablation in the elderly. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, XI, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2024.09.024

Zhang, H.-W., Chang, G.-D., Liu, X.-M., et al. (2025). Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and psychological factors of arrhythmia in the elderly. World Journal of Psychiatry. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i4.100281

Martínez-Sellés, M., & Marina-Breysse, M. (2023). Current and future use of artificial intelligence in electrocardiography. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10040175

Cho, S., Eom, S., Kim, D., et al. (2025). Artificial intelligence-derived electrocardiographic aging and risk of atrial fibrillation: A multinational study. European Heart Journal, 46(9), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae790

American Heart Association News. (2025). AI model could use heart rhythm data to detect premature aging and cognitive decline. Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms. https://www.heart.org/.

Hempel, P., Ribeiro, A. H., Vollmer, M., et al. (2025). Explainable AI associates ECG aging. npj Digital Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01428-7

Liu, C.-M., Kuo, M.-J., Kuo, C.-Y., et al. (2025). Reclassification of conventional risk assessment foraging-related diseases by electrocardiogram-enabled biological age. npj Aging. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-025-00198-0

Malesu, V. K. (2025). AI-driven ECG age prediction transforms early disease detection. News Medical & Life Science. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250209/AI-driven-ECG-age-prediction-transforms-early-disease-detection .aspx

Farell, D., Aliecia, A., Lee, E. V., Hulu, S. L., Dharma, A., Turnip, A., & Turnip, M. (2024). Classification of arrhythmia potential using the K-Nearest neighbor algorithm. Internetworking Indonesia Journal, 16(2), 3–9. https://internetworkingindonesia.org/index.php/iij/article/view/49

Sitanggang, T. M. A. B., Gurning, R., Sari, F. B., Naibaho, S. H., Prabowo, A., Ramdhani, M. R., Dharma, A., & Turnip, M. (2024). Classification of electrocardiogram arrhythmia using the XGBoost algorithm in the elderly. doi: 10.1109/AIMS66189.2025.11229699

Banjarnahor, J., Sinaga, F., Sitorus, D. S., Sitanggang, W. A. A., & Turnip, M. (2024). Application of decision tree method in ECG signal classification for heart disorder detection. https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i2.13596

Situmorang, F., William, D., Patterson, J., Ardila, N., & Turnip, M. (2024). Application of random forest algorithm for arrhythmia detection based on electrocardiogram data. JITK, 11(2), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.33480/jitk.v11i2.7136

Manao, S., Sitanggang, D., Sagala, A., Oktarino, A., & Turnip, M. (2024). Application of KNN method for classification of arrhythmia types based on ECG data. https://doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v7i3.6010

Downloads

Published

2026-07-01

How to Cite

Simbolon, G. S., Sirait, G. C., Aruan, S. T., Turnip, R. R., Banjarnahor, J., & Turnip, M. (2026). Application of Deep Learning for Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification Based on ECG Signals. Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing, 8(3), 356–365. https://doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v8i3.8672

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.