The Influence of Board of Directors’ Characteristics on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from the Indonesian Energy Sector, 2021-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47709/ijmdsa.v4i3.6269Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR Disclosure, Board Characteristics, Corporate Governance, Energy Sector, IndonesiaAbstract
This study examines the influence of board of directors’ characteristics—specifically gender diversity, board size, educational background, the presence of foreign directors, and board tenure—on the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The research focuses on a critical and high-impact context: the Indonesian energy sector from 2021 to 2023. Employing a quantitative methodology with purposive sampling, the study analyzes a panel dataset of 54 firm-year observations from energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). CSR disclosure is measured using a comprehensive index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, and the hypotheses are tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results reveal that board size has a statistically significant and positive influence on the level of CSR disclosure. Conversely, board gender diversity, the educational background of directors, the proportion of foreign directors, and board tenure do not demonstrate a significant effect. The model's Adjusted R2 of 0.214 indicates that 21.4% of the variation in CSR disclosure can be explained by the board characteristics examined. The findings suggest that in the highly regulated Indonesian energy sector, a larger board, which provides a broader pool of expertise and enhances monitoring capacity, is a key internal governance mechanism driving greater CSR transparency. These results offer valuable insights for corporate policymakers aiming to strengthen governance for sustainability and for regulators seeking to improve the quality of corporate reporting beyond mandatory compliance.
References
Aisyah Putri R, & Linda A. (2023). Pengaruh Karakteristik CEO Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 5(3), 1326–1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v16i2.5925
Anyigbah, E., Kong, Y., Edziah, B. K., Ahoto, A. T., & Ahiaku, W. S. (2023). Board Characteristics and Corporate Sustainability Reporting: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4), 3553. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043553
Aritonang, D. A., & Rahardja, S. (2022). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 11(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.52238/ideb.v3i2.96
Cahyono, S., Sawarjuwono, T., & Wendi, W. (2023). Masa Jabatan CEO, Keragaman Dewan Direktur, dan Pengungkapan CSR: Eksplorasi Studi Kepustakaan. EL MUHASABA: Jurnal Akuntansi (e-Journal), 14(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.18860/em.v14i1.17416
Candra, K. A., & Susi Dwi Mulyani. (2023). Pengaruh karakteristik CEO dan karakteristik perusahaan terhadap corporate social responsibility perusahaan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(2), 3459–3468. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.18046
Chai, E., & Suparman, M. (2022). Dampak Struktur Dewan Direksi pada Indeks Laporan Keberlanjutan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan, 10(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v10i2.1290
Desky Aprilya, C., & Astrid Kesaulya, F. (2023). Pengaruh board diversity terhadap sustainability report disclosure. Jurnal Informasi Akuntansi, 2(1).
Farida, D. N. (2019). Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Terhadap Pengungkapan Sustainability Development Goals. Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia, 8(2), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.30659/jai.8.2.89-107
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hadya, R., & Susanto, R. (2018). Model Hubungan Antara Keberagaman Gender, Pendidikan Dan Nationality Dewan Komisaris Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. Jurnal Benefita, 3(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.22216/jbe.v3i2.3432
Hart o. Awa, L., Kalu, S. E., & Chima, P. (2024). Stakeholder Theory and Its Application in Strategic Management. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 10(1), 1-13.
Issa, A., Zaid, M. A. A., Hanaysha, J. R., & Gull, A. A. (2022). An examination of board diversity and corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from banking sector in the Arabian Gulf countries. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 30(1), 22–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-07-2021-0137
Lestiananda, L. R., Nugrahanti, Y. W., & Theotama, G. (2023). Board Diversity and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures. JRAK, 15(2), 186–197.
Li, Y., de Villiers, C., Li, L. Z., & Li, L. (2022). The moderating effect of board gender diversity on the relation between corporate social responsibility and firm value. Journal of Management Control, 33(1), 111-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-022-00334-x
Maghfiroh, V. D., & Utomo, D. C. (2019). Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Pada Struktur Dewan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2015-2017). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 8(3), 1–9.
Maraya, A. D., & Yendrawati, R. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 20(2), 147–159.
Muslichah. (2020). The effect of environmental , social disclosure , and financial performance on firm value. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 24(1), 22–32.
Nathaniel, M. A., Nadine, S. J., Yuliati, R., & Gunawan, V. P. (2020). Pengaruh karakteristik CEO terhadap tingkat performa corporate social responsibility (CSR) perusahaan di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi FE UST, 8(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.26460/ja.v8i1.1194
Nugraheni, P., Alhabshi, S. M., & Rosman, R. (2022). Board of commissioners and corporate governance disclosure in Sharia-compliant companies in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 26(June), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol26.iss1.art4
Nugraheni, P., & Permatasari, D. (2016). Perusahaan syariah dan pengungkapan corporate social responsibility: Analisis pengaruh faktor internal dan karakteristik perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 20(2), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol20.iss2.art6
Pajaria, Meutia, & Widiyanti. (2016). Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Perusahaan Sektor Manufaktur. Akuntabilitas: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Akuntansi, 10(2), 177–200.
Permatasari, R., Januarti, I., & Muid, D. (2019). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 8(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/
Piplica, D., Peronja, I., & Lukovi?, T. (2024). Controlling in the Function of Management By Objectives. DIEM Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting, 9(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.17818/diem/2024/1.9
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 51/POJK.03/2017 Tahun 2017
Qian, W., Dissanayake, D., Leong, S., Kuruppu, S., & Tilt, C. (2025). Sustainability reporting in Indo-Pacific countries: an integrative response to local and global frameworks. Meditari Accountancy Research, 33(7), 157–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-06-2024-2540
Radu, C., & Smaili, N. (2022). Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Response to Cyber Risk: Evidence from Cybersecurity Related Disclosure. Journal of Business Ethics, 177(2), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04717-9
Rahayu, R., & Djuminah, D. (2022). Does the Board of Commissioners’ Characteristics Relevant to the Sustainable Finance Disclosure in Indonesian Banks? Journal of Accounting and Investment, 23(2), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v23i2.14163
Rahmawati, A., Pramasterina, B. H., & Setiawan, D. (2020). Analisis Metode Penelitian pada Bidang CSR di Indonesia. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 6(2), 242–257. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.6.2.242
Setiawan, D., Hapsari, R. T., & Wibawa, A. (2018). Dampak Karakteristik Dewan Direksi Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Di Indonesia. Mix: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 8(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22441/mix.2018.v8i1.001
Shafamega. (2021). Pengaruh Penerapan Green Accounting, Karakteristik Komite Audit, Diversitas Kebangsaan Direksi dan Gender Direksi terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak.
Solikhah, I. (2022). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Profitabilitas dan Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2015-2017). Jurnal Akuntansi AKUNESA, 10(2), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.26740/akunesa.v10n2.p94-106
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanti, S. (2020). Political Connection and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(1), 1139–1159. https://doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200216
Syafis, K. S. (2022). The ANALISIS PENERAPAN INFORMASI PENGUNGKAPAN CSR BESERTA FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA BERDASARKAN TEORI AGENCY, LEGITIMASI, STAKEHOLDER DAN TEORI KONTRAK SOSIAL. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 27(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.23960/jak.v27i2.576
Taufik, M. (2021). The Influence of the BOD`s characteristics toward corporate social responsibility: Study non financial and financial firms in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 25(2), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol25.iss2.art9
Tian, Y. (2022). A Literature Review on Upper Echelons Theory. Proceedings of the 2022 2nd International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED 2022), 656. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220603.030
Wahyudi, H., Lenni, S. M., & Sutarto, S. (2024). CSR Index of Energy Sector Companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(6), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.16918
Yanto, T., & Juliana, C. (2019). Pengaruh Gender Dan Latar Belakang Pendidikan Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Prosiding Working Papers Series In Management, 11(2), 134–154. https://doi.org/10.25170/wpm.v11i2.4524
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anshori Agung Nugroho, Banu Witono Witono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
info@itscience.org, web: 
